1. The basic concept of the environment In environmental science, the meaning of the environment is: the overall external world with human society as the main body.According to this definition, the environment includes everything that has been known to humans and indirectly affects human survival and development.It includes many natural elements that have not been transformed by humans, such as sunlight, air, land, natural water, natural forests and grasslands, wild creatures, etc.;Gardens, villages, cities, factories, ports, highways, railways, etc.It includes both these physical elements, and the systems and state and interrelationships composed of these elements.
It is important to point out that with the development of human society, the concept of the environment is also changing.In the past, people often regarded the environment as a simple combination of single physical elements and ignored the interaction relationship between them.Since entering the 1970s, human understanding of the environment has experienced a leap, and humans have begun to recognize the relationship between the components and various reaction processes in the life support system of the earth.Actions that are beneficial to one aspect may cause unexpected damage to other aspects.
2. Environmental elements and environmental quality
(1) Environmental elements constitute the basic material groups that are independent, different, and obey the overall evolution law, which are divided into environmental elements, also known as environmental matrix.Environmental elements are divided into natural environmental elements and social environmental elements.At present, there are many natural environmental elements. Therefore, environmental elements usually refer to natural environmental elements, including water, atmosphere, biology, soil, rocks, sunlight and so on.Environmental elements constitute an environmental structure unit, and the environmental structure unit constitutes an environmental system. For example, water, lakes, and ocean bodies such as water, lakes, and oceans are composed of water.Wait, a rock body is composed of rocks, all rocks and soils form rock rings or soil-rock rings; biological communities are composed of biosaids, and all biological communities form the biosphere.
Environmental elements have some very important attributes. These attributes determine the nature of the connection and role between environmental elements. It is the basic basis for people to understand the environment and transform the environment.Among these attributes, the most important thing is:
① The worst restrictions.The quality of the overall environment is not determined by the average state of the environmental elements, but the control of the elements of the state gap in the environmental elements.That is to say, the quality of the environmental quality depends on the element that is in the “worst state” in the essence, and cannot be made up for the excellent state due to other elements.Therefore, environmental elements cannot be replaced by each other.
② The overall environment is greater than the sum of the prime ministers.The nature of the environment does not mean the sum of the nature of each elements of the environment, but is much richer and more complicated than this “harmony”.The overall effect of interconnection and interaction between the elements of the environment and the formation of the environment. This overall effect is a leap in the quality of individual effects.
③ The elements of the environmental environment are interconnected and dependent.First of all, the interaction and constraints of the environmental elements are realized through energy flow, that is, the conversion of energy flow between elements, or the conversion of energy forms between the elements.Secondly, through the material circulation, the transmission and transformation of the material between the environmental elements, and the environmental elements are interconnected.
(2) Environmental quality.The so -called environmental quality generally refers to the overall or certain elements of a specific environment, which reflects the people’s requirements for environmental requirements and the appropriateness of social development.Environmental quality usually needs to choose a certain indicator (environmental indicator) and expresses it quantitatively.Natural disasters, resource utilization, waste emissions, and the scale and cultural status of the crowd will change or affect the environmental quality of a region.